brake A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most often accomplished by means of friction. Background ...

controller is usually an

original equipment manufacturer An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces non-aftermarket parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer. It is a common industry term recognized and used by many professional or ...

or aftermarket-installed device or module. It is mounted to the tow vehicle's driver's-side dashboard area, and engages a trailer's electrical braking system either time delayed, or in proportion to the tow vehicle's brake engagement when slowing down or coming to a halt. A brake controller is not needed with a trailer surge braking system unless using modern electric over hydraulic devices. The trailer in this case usually has either electric friction brakes or electric-hydraulic trailer brake actuators. Most basic brake controllers will generally have a plus-minus gain adjustment. The tow vehicle operator sets the gain as high as possible but without the trailer brakes locking up after making a few test stops. The heavier the trailer, the higher the gain adjustment is set and therefore the less chances of wheel lock-up. A wide range of trailers contain trailer brakes (for example, larger boat trailers,

horse trailer A horse trailer or horse van (also called a horse float in Australia and New Zealand or horsebox in the British Isles) is used to transport horses. There are many different designs, ranging in size from small units capable of holding two or thr ...

s, covered utility trailers, enclosed trailers, travel trailers including small and longer tent trailers and car carriers). Smaller trailers may not contain trailer brakes (for example, basic utility trailers). It is recommended that, if the total trailer weight is over a couple thousand kilograms, the trailer have some sort of braking system, and the tow vehicle be equipped with a brake controller.

Types

There are a different types of brake controllers that are currently or previously on the market.

Air-actuated electric brake controller

This controller uses the air pressure of the brake system on a vehicle with pneumatic brakes to provide a current to control the electric brakes of a trailer.

Hydraulic actuated electric controller

This controller uses the hydraulic pressure of the brake system on a vehicle with

hydraulic brake A hydraulic brake is an arrangement of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid, typically containing glycol ethers or diethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling mechanism to the braking mechanism. History During 1904, Frederick ...

s to provide a current to control the electric brakes of a trailer. Some truck manufacturers offers this as an OEM option, like Ford with its

Ford TowCommand The optional factory in-dash installed Ford Motor Company "TowCommand" integrated TBC (Trailer Brake Controller) system available and compatible on the heavy duty commercial Ford Super Duty line of trucks starting with the 2005 models. TowCommand h ...

Pedal-mounted pressure pad proportional controller

A separate sensor is mounted on the brake pedal to connect to the controller.

Proportional brake controller

Senses the deceleration of the vehicle through a pendulum or similar device to apply a suitable current for braking of the trailer.

Surge brake

When the tow vehicle slows down the trailer pushes against it, an actuator applies force to its master cylinder and the hydraulic pressure is transferred to the brakes

Time-delayed brake controller

Applies brake current with a ramp-up over time to a certain level set by the driver.{{cite web, url=http://www.hopkinstowingsolutions.com/products/brake-controllers/brake-controllers.html, title=Hopkins brake controllers

References

Brakes Vehicle braking technologies Automotive accessories Vehicle modifications